Superfund sites pose a significant risk to human health for those living nearby as they have high levels of toxic chemicals that can impact the local water and soil chemistry, leading to a myriad of diseases including kidney disease, cancer, and heart disease. Currently the Superfund site list consists of ~1400 active or proposed sites in the United States. There is an on-going need to measure remediation effectiveness and monitor toxic chemical levels over time to minimize the risk to surrounding populations. Heavy metals are common toxic chemicals found in Superfund sites. Traditional laboratory methods are capable of measuring metals but are subject to long lead times (often weeks) as well as high instrumentation and labor costs. As a result, measurements are performed infrequently and can result in unanticipated releases, putting surrounding communities at risk. Because of these problems, several point-of-need measurement technologies are used to measure heavy metals at Superfund sites, including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and colorimetric test kits, but both approaches have significant limitations. The field, and Superfund sites in particular, lack simple sensors that can measure multiple toxic metals simultaneously with minimal user steps and at relevant concentration levels. The goal of this project is to develop a multiplexed water quality monitoring system for measuring toxic metals in ground and surface water at Superfund sites using Access Sensor Technology's On-Target® card system. On-Target® cards quickly and easily measure metal concentrations in water using proprietary colorimetric reactions that generate a colored circle with a diameter proportional to concentration. While we have made significant progress with this technology, it is not applicable to Superfund site monitoring today because current detection limits are too high (ppm versus ppb) and the cards only detect a single metal, meaning users must carry a large number cards with them for complete profiling. During Phase I, we will focus on reducing the detection limits (Aim 1), creating the multiplexed assay (Aim 2), and developing first generation data visualization software while performing initial field studies (Aim 3). Samples from the Lincoln Park site (abandoned Uranium milling site) in Fremont County, Colorado will be used for testing. Our sensing system will be validated against ICP-MS or AAS for rigor. At the end of Phase I, we will have successfully created a prototype second-generation On-Target® product that enables multiplexed metal analysis at concentration levels relevant to our customers. The effort will position us for both further development during Phase II with additional analytes and penetration into the market through connections with early adopters.
Public Health Relevance Statement: Project narrative: The goal of this project is to develop a multiplexed paper-based analytical device for detection of heavy metals at the 10 ppb level in surface and ground water at Superfund sites. Our approach builds on our On-Target® card technology that detects single metals at 1 ppm levels to achieve this critical objective. After developing the system, we will test the new cards at the Lincoln Park site in Colorado.
Project Terms: Active Sites; base; Biological Assay; Caliber; Chemistry; Client; Color; Colorado; Communities; cost; County; Data; data visualization; Detection; Development; Devices; Disease; Effectiveness; field study; Fluorescence; Generations; Geometry; Goals; ground water; Health; Heart Diseases; Heavy Metals; Human; improved; Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry; instrument; instrumentation; Kidney Diseases; Laboratories; Lead; Letters; Location; Malignant Neoplasms; Measurement; Measures; Metals; Methods; Military Personnel; Mining; Mole the mammal; Monitor; Paper; Penetration; Phase; Poison; Population; Positioning Attribute; Preparation; Production; prototype; Reaction; remediation; Risk; risk minimization; Roentgen Rays; Route; Sampling; Sampling Errors; sensor; sensor technology; Site; smartphone Application; Soil; Solid; superfund site; Surface; Surveys; System; Technology; Testing; Time; toxic metal; Transition Elements; United States; Update; Uranium; Validation; Visualization software; Voice; Water; water testing; Work
