The ability of three scale control technologies; a copper/zinc bimetallic redox alloy, a magnetic and an electrochemical system, to reduce scale formation in the sanitary collection piping of ships is to be determined. All three of these scale control technologies rely upon inducing nuclei formation in the treated water prior to the water being subjected to conditions that induce scale formation. Thus, it is envisioned these three methods can by implemented by treating the flushing water (seawater and freshwater) prior to use in urinals and water closets. Each of these scale control technologies is environmentally friendly as they do not significantly change the character of the water being treated and should be compatible with the sanitary waste piping systems. A practical, low maintenance scale control free technology has wide application in the military and private sector. Military and private sector uses of this technology are numerous since essentially all water systems where heating and evaporation occur suffer from scale problems. These applications include condensers, firetube boilers, heat exchangers, hot water heaters, cooling towers, chillers, and evaporators. Scale has a significant economic impact due to its insulative properties, which causes decreased efficiency in any heat transfer process, thus increasing energy use.
