Dental caries are the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide. In fact, in most industrialized countries nearly 100% of the adult population and 60-90% of school-aged children are affected. Detection of non-cavitated lesions which progress slowly enable clinicians to use non-operative preventive strategies to arrest their growth. Moreover, current techniques suffer from high false-positive detection rates. In this proposal, ACIS LLC will develop a novel optical dental imaging technology that utilizes targeted upconversion nanoparticles for noninvasive detection of dental caries and assess its ability to improve the limit of detection (i.e., sensitivity) of dental caries and the specificity (i.e., decrease false positive detection rates) compared to currently marketed technology. Upconversion materials are excited with nonvisible 980 nm light which has deep tissue penetration and emit light in the visible region. This upconversion process greatly reduces background autofluorescence of biological samples resulting in high signal to noise ratios to enhance the sensitivity of detection. This project has two specific aims that : Aim 1: Assess the limit of dental caries detection using a peptide-targeted UCNP that adheres to hydroxyapatite in extracted human tooth specimen; and Aim 2: Assess the limit of dental caries detection of a peptide-targeted UCNP that adheres to S. Mutans in cultured bacteria and extracted tooth specimen with carries. Pending a successful outcome of this Phase I grant application, we will put forward a Phase II grant application involving device development, acute and chronic in vivo toxicity of the UCNPs, and in vivo studies for detection of dental caries in animals pertinent for translation to human trials.
Public Health Relevance Statement: Project Narrative The goal of this proposal is to develop novel noninvasive optical dental imaging techniques using upconversion nanoparticles to both improve the sensitivity and specificity of early dental caries detection. If successful, this new techniques, coupled with a novel nanomaterial, will readily translate to the clinic and lead to better treatment outcomes.
Project Terms: Acute; Adult; Affect; Age; Animals; Antibiotic Therapy; Applications Grants; Bacteria; Binding; bioimaging; Biological; biomaterial compatibility; chemical reaction; Child; Chronic; Chronic Disease; Clinic; Clinical; cost; cost effective; Cost of Illness; Coupled; Data; deciduous tooth; demineralization; Dental; Dental caries; Dental Enamel; Dental Equipment; Dentistry; Detection; detector; Developed Countries; Device or Instrument Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Disease; Early Diagnosis; Exhibits; Fluorescence; Formulation; Future; Goals; Growth; Hand; health economics; Human; Hydroxyapatites; Image; Imagery; Imaging Techniques; Imaging technology; improved; In Situ; in vivo; Lead; Lesion; Light; Local anesthesia; luminescence; Modernization; Modification; nanomaterials; nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Noise; novel; optical spectra; Optics; Outcome; Output; Penetration; Peptides; permanent tooth; Phase; Population; Power Sources; Prevention; Prevention strategy; Preventive care; Process; Public Health; restorative dentistry; Sampling; School-Age Population; Sensitivity and Specificity; Signal Transduction; Specificity; Specimen; Streptococcus mutans; Structure; Surface; Surface Antigens; Techniques; Technology; Time; Tissues; Tooth Demineralization; Tooth Diseases; Tooth structure; Toxic effect; Translating; translation to humans; Treatment outcome; Visible Radiation
