Existing global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) can be susceptible to functional failures due to unintentional or intentional interference or “jamming”. The radio frequency (RF) bands in which GNSS function are well known and therefore adversaries have had time to mature their jamming technologies. This is but one important reason to develop alternative technologies to either replace or enhance the positioning systems currently deployed. In this effort, we will conduct a trade study considering a variety of spatially variant optical structures to function as components in imaging or alternative positioning systems operating in the infrared to visible range. The trade study will consider diffractive lenses, metalenses, Luneburg lenses, and novel spatially variant photonic crystal lenses to determine their benefits and drawbacks for use as components in imaging or alternative guidance systems. The goal is to determine which of these structures can be best optimized for low size, weight, and power (SWAP), low cost, high durability, and high manufacturability to serve as useful alternatives or enhancements to existing imaging or positioning systems.
